长江流域棉花种植面积变化遥感监测--以安庆市和池州市为例

决定棉花产量的关键因素之一是棉花的种植面积,适时准确地掌握棉花的种植面积对于科学指导棉花生产具有十分重要的意义.文章以安庆市、池州市为例,系统地介绍了在棉花种植面积遥感监测过程中,通过土地利用背景数据库建设,以及基于背景数据的棉花种植面积遥感解译,准确地监测了棉花种植面积及其变化率.结果显示长江流域棉花主要集中分布于沿江的洲圩区,其次分布于沿江的岗地和丘陵;在2001～2002年度,棉花种植面积变化主要是减少,在2002～2003年度,棉花种植面积变化主要是增加.究其变化的原因,主要受棉花市场价格和气候条件的影响.     

landscape Changes in Wenchuan—A Mountainous County in Sichuan, China

Based on the collection of land use maps of three repre sentative years (1972, 1986 and 1995) with a scale of 1 = 100 000, which were derived from interpreted aerial photographs and field surveys, landscape pattern were studied in Wenchuan County of Aba Prefecture, northwest of Sichuan Province, China, Six land use categories were classified according to the actuality of the study area and digitized by manual with the assistance of Geographic Information System (GIS). Landscape spatial and temporal changes were analyzed quanti ficationally by a series of structure, shape, pattern indices, which indicated that grassland dominates in number of patch while both grassland and shrub-land dominate in total area of patch over time. During the last 23 years, the fractal dimension of grassland and shrub-land were decreased while the other types were increased. Highest dominance and fragmentation and lowest diversity characterized the landscape of 1972. In 1986, the landscape pattern had the highest diversity and lowest dominance and fragmentation, which is contrary to the pattern in 1972, Slight change of diversity, dominance and fragmentation has been displayed from 1986 to 1995.     

陕西省人均粮食与人均耕地变化研究

对陕西省人均粮食及人均耕地变化进行了时空差异分析,结果表明:(1)近50余年的绝大多数年份为人均粮食占有量的递增期,且不同时段的增幅不同;粮食增长率大于人口增长率的时期,对应人均粮食的增长时期;(2)1978—1998年绝大多数地、市人均粮食递增,且地域差异明显;(3)近50多年来全省耕地面积总体逐年递减,近10年来减少之势加剧;同期人口数量的持续增长,造成人均耕地面积急剧减少.相关回归分析显示:各地、市人均粮食绝对增量与其相对增量之间呈正相关,人均粮食增加量占粮食增量的份额整体偏低;提高粮食生产水平及控制人口是增加全省人均粮食占有量的重要途径.     

西安东郊和蓝田偏白村剖面黄土含水量研究

通过对蓝田县偏白村和西安东郊刘家坡黄土剖面的观测和含水量的测定,研究了黄土含水量变化.结果表明,偏白村黄土地层与刘家坡黄土地层中含水量代表了两种不同的变化类型,偏白村黄土层含水量高,红色古土壤层含水量低;刘家坡黄土层含水量低,红色古土壤含量高.黄土层比红色古土壤层更利于地下水富集,黄土层为含水层,红色古土壤层为隔水层.黄土、古土壤含水性与含水量和古气候密切相关.     

一种基于背景记录和变化检测的视频对象分割算法

MPEG—4引入视频对象的概念，以支持基于内容的操作．视频对象分割是MPEG—4成功与否的关键因素之一．该文提出了一种基于背景记录和变化检测的视频分割算法．通过背景记录，它可克服常规的变化检测算法存在的对阴影和亮度变化敏感的缺点．实验结果表明，它可应用到各种视频序列，并能快速得到准确的分割结果．     

利用空间大地测量技术研究地球动力学最新进展

空间大地测量以高精度，高时空分辨率测定地球整体（地球自转）和各圈层（特别是大气，海洋与地壳）的运动，使地球动态变化的监测，研究及应用呈现了崭新的面貌，本文介绍了近年来国际地球动力学最新发展概况，内容包括地壳运动，地球自转，重力场时间变化等。     

数字化天气雷达强度标定方法

数字化天气雷达的组网观测是天气雷达发展的必然趋势，现有数字化天气雷达提供的强度场必须经过强度标定后再用于组网，因此迫切要求制定数字化天气雷达标定方法。指出了使用标定方程时应注意的量纲问题，针对有关文献中存在的问题提出了解决方法。     

论FDI对西部制度变迁的影响及对策

本文首先对我国西部地区利用FDI的现状进行了描述 ,然后运用回归分析的方法分析了FDI和制度变迁的关系 ,指出FDI是影响区域制度变迁的重要因素 ,FDI在区域分布上的不均衡严重制约着西部地区制度变迁的进程。西部地区应该加快体制改革的步伐 ,改善投资环境 ,吸引FDI ,进而通过FDI带动西部地区制度变迁的进程 ,最终形成FDI和制度变迁相互推动、相互促进的良性循环。     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.